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Incoterms Ex-works and FCA mean no obligations (or least obligations) for the exporter with regards to the carriage of the goods sold. However, this assertion is not absolute and sometimes we find cases where an exporter under Exw or FCA is claimed for liabilities derived from or connected to the contract of carriage. In this[…]

As adviced in our previous article when the Spanish Shipping Act entered into force back in September ’14, we would have to wait a few years for decisions rendered by the Appeal Courts to see how some articles were construed by our courts. Description of the case In this Newsletter we bring to your attention[…]

One of the Spanish justice system’s Achilles’ heel is the inefficiency of the enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters. In other words, the difficulty in collecting the amount granted in a favorable judgment. If it is difficult when dealing with Spanish debtors, when our credit is against a company or an individual established[…]